By the values it looks all correct to me. By default pilot_outcast_ace uses behaviour to never flee. At maximum the area_trade_trader encounter overrides it with a pilot fleeing, but the others should not. Especially area_defend never flees.
The NPCShipArch and Loadout look correct to me.
Btw this archetype = bw_elite2 in the Loadout I have never seen before. I think that does not exist or is unused.

Perhaps the pilots you assigned to the NPCs are made to flee on low difficulty levels. Which means that already weak ships can make them flee. That is usually done for e.g. smugglar NPCs that are meant to not engage fights.

It depends on the object type. If it is MISSION_SATELLITE then the name you gave it should be displayed. Otherwise it will be just <faction> Satellite. If I recall right.
If there is no sprite on the map then either the object is invisible on the map (visit=128) or because it's radius in the solararch.ini is too small to be displayed.

Please post your mbase part of the relevant base here. Mission offers are a bit tricky as they depend on the levels offered on the station, and the available NPC ships of the enemy factions. And the enemy factions are (I am not sure) determined by either those that spawn within the system in general, or at the vignette zones.

If your mission difficulty is higher than your enemy NPCs have ships, they cannot offer jobs.

Is this running on a server or singleplayer?
Patrol routes do need the following conditions met:
- Each end point must be a dockable location NPCs can spawn or disappear to.
- If the endpoint is a base, the mbase factions must contain the patrolling NPC faction.
Make sure if jumpholes or gates are the endpoints that the NPC faction is allowed to dock at them.

Afaik the id given to the players is directly the callsign number.

Adoxa hosts them here: http://adoxa.altervista.org/freelancer/plugins.html